Human Development

Ten steps to transform the quality of education in India

  • Blog Post Date 19 November, 2015
  • Perspectives
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Sridhar Rajagopalan

Educational Initiatives

sridhar@ei-india.com

In this article, Sridhar Rajagopalan, Managing Director of Educational Initiatives, suggests 10 initiatives that can help transform the quality of education in India.



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Most of the steps needed to transform the quality of education in India do not require policy change or a new educational policy. Yet, these steps are not getting taken because there is no visible crisis pushing us to act. Only a few points in my list below – like the creation of a cadre of Indian education civil services, replacing the policy of schools within a kilometre of every habitation with a free transport to the nearest school policy – are policy-level issues.

Below are 10 initiatives that I believe can transform Indian education, if undertaken in a concerted way and sustained over at least a five-year period:

Initiative 1: Make the problem visible

Regular assessments are needed to measure progress in learning and make the current levels visible in a way that can be understood widely. India should participate regularly in international assessments like Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and Programme for International Student Assessment so as to set goals and benchmark its performance and progress. The quality of national assessments should be improved and third party assessors like Annual Status on Education Report and Educational Initiatives should be encouraged to provide periodic feedback. The District Information System for Education (DISE)1 system should be upgraded to a ‘Student Progress Tracking System’ which will track learning levels of individual children and provide diagnostic data to serve as a basis for improvement to schools and teachers.

Initiative 2: Build systemic and institutional capacity

The biggest problem in the educational system today is a severe shortage of capacity. Consider two initiatives – the Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) and the Teacher Eligibility Test (TET). Few people disagree that these initiatives are based on sound principles and good ideas. Yet, many – some may say most – well-intentioned ideas do not achieve their goals due to people across the system not having the required skills. In the case of the TET test, pass percentages have been between 1% and about 15% and the initiative has not had the intended impact. It raises questions both on our teacher training capacity and also the capacity to understand and execute the assessments successfully.

Strengthening research on learning is the first step and only long-term solution to this crisis. I recommend establishing a ‘science of learning’ centre, either as a part of National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) or as a separate institute, with a mission of promoting research on how children learn. This institute can undertake research on reading, elementary mathematics, intelligent teaching systems and assessments.

However, research needs an ecosystem and we now need to kick-start such an ecosystem. We recommend the creation of a research fund (similar to the American National Science Foundation Fund), which will provide grant support for innovation to take root and grow in research institutions non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and private players based on their track record and quality of research, and direct research towards areas of national and state priorities.

Initiative 3: Establish a reading mission

If we can ensure that 80% of our children can read and write well in any one language by the time they are nine years old, we would have solved 80% of our educational problems. Reading has to become a focus area of both action and measurement and a movement which involves all. A national-level centre for reading research is more important for India than any Indian Institute of Technology and is not so difficult to create. Specialised training programmes need to be created for teachers on reading skill development and measurement. Reading tests need to be made available on computers, tablets and mobile phones so that parents can determine the reading levels of their children.

Initiative 4: Build teacher and head teacher capacity

Starting with regular assessments of teacher needs which will determine individual gaps/needs in teachers, high-quality training programmes need to be deployed for teacher training. Information and Communication Technology should be used as a tool to provide many of these courses on an on-demand basis.

The resources available in the National Repository of Open Education Resources (and other open education resources) should be moderated by experts to ensure that high-quality resources – including videos, teaching material and assessment questions - are available to every teacher. Rather than depending solely on government organisations like the NCERT to create all this material, this work should be carried out through ‘request for proposals’ that would allow talented individuals and organisations to participate and contribute.

Initiative 5: Change the goal post by reforming board exams to test understanding, not recall

India’s rote-based Board Exams are a source of the learning crisis observed even in primary schools. The focus on students, parents and teachers is on maximising exam marks and not on learning, which needs to be corrected by having Board Exams that measure learning. This is not difficult to do because there are so many exams that can serve as a benchmark for this change.

Initiative 6: Invest in technology for education

Hand-in-hand with educational research inherent in all the initiatives above, there is a need to research and develop ways to use technology to drive the change we desire. The focus should not be on installing hardware but creating new, high-quality content such as intelligent teaching systems and tools that will help students to hone basic skills like reading and mathematics, and developing content in multiple Indian languages. ICT-based remediation programmes should be encouraged, in which the service provider is reimbursed based on the measured student improvement. ICT should also be used to track teacher attendance. Free high-speed internet connections can be provided to all schools through a simple scheme by which the government reimburse internet service providers directly.

Initiative 7: Introduce school-based practices for learning improvement

This includes initiatives like monthly tests in school with academic support from State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) or District Institute of Educational Research and Training (DIET) and quarterly parent-teacher meeting days which encourage parents to visit schools and build a parent-teacher connect focused on student learning.

Initiative 8: Work on mindsets through public education campaigns

Public education campaigns should be aimed at prospective teachers to attract talent to the sector; at parents to make them aware of what constitutes a good school, the value of education beyond marks etc.; and at existing teachers to make them understand that every child can learn well if supported etc.

Initiative 9: Holistic development

Efforts in areas such as sports, arts and culture should be initiated or expanded in order to enrich holistic development.

Initiative 10: Implement legal and structural changes

A separate Indian education services cadre at different levels, within the civil services, should be created. Parents should be bound to send students to school, and district education officials should be responsible for the quality of both private and government schools. Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangements should be explored for areas like strengthening DIETs, providing teacher training both using traditional and distance/ICT methods, providing standardised assessments, running remedial centres etc. Today, the pre-school, elementary and secondary structures are distinct with different bodies overseeing their curricula. They should be combined under a single authority, possibly the SCERT. Fragmentation of schools should be reduced by combining schools and providing free transport to children further away rather than building schools close to every habitat.

Notes:

  1. District Information System for Education (DISE) provides schools-related statistical information on Sarva Shikhsha Abhiyan (SSA). SSA is Government of India´s flagship programme for achievement of universalisation of elementary education in a time bound manner.
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5 Comments:

By: Samriddhi Sharma

These transformative initiatives for Indian education, especially in rural areas, can address critical challenges. Establishing a reading mission, enhancing teacher capacity, and leveraging technology are crucial. However, effective implementation and sustained efforts are key to achieving meaningful change. Collaborative efforts involving the government, educators, and communities are vital for success. Schools in Pataudi Gurgaon prioritize these initiatives and pave the way for a brighter future in Indian education. Thank You Samriddhi Sharma

By: Renu Vyas

Very well written. Apt points presented in a concise manner. There is no visible crisis as seen on surface yet but from a teacher's perspective, it is a deep down terrible crisis impacting generations of students who despite having talents will not realize their full potential. We are producing clones not independent creative thinkers. The mind is crammed with facts before it begins to learn to understand concepts. There should be more emphasis on articulation and analytical skills.

By: Armin Shroff

Very comprehensively presented. In addition to the 10 initiatives, preventive psychoeducation incorporated into the curriculum and the school calendar to teach emotional well-being is the need of the hour. Knowing, that "Prevention is better than cure", teaching young minds the techniques of sound mental health in schools will be a win-win situation in all aspects.

By: Varsha Ranade

Brief and to the point. Well framed piece of valuable information to be implemented seriously by our educational institution. Thank you sir for this

By: Kavita

Very well worded! In the current situation, how does a school treach out to those children who do not have network connectivity or required resources to study the school curriculum. Should the school or the Government provide them the gadget/ system to do so. If we donot do so , is it not contradicting our policy of RTE. Should it become as mandatory as midday meals to avoid drop outs from schools?

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