11 April, 2025High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
The Covid-induced surge in public debt in India was unique compared to its own history, but also bigger and driven by different factors relative to the average emerging market economy. In this post, M...
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Prachi Mishra Nikhil Patel 
20 December, 2024
- Perspectives
Uneven resilience: Why some emerging markets better navigate US monetary policy cycles
As the US dollar and monetary policy continue to have a significant impact on global financial dynamics, some emerging markets are observed to be more resilient than others to the policy cycles. Analy...
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Joshua Aizenman Donghyun Park Irfan Qureshi Jamel Saadaoui Gazi Salah Uddin
- 30 September, 2024
- Articles
Budget 2021-22: A political economy perspective
Examining the 2021-22 Union Budget with a political economy lens, Yamini Aiyar contends that the policy choices reflects Government of India’s propensity to centralise rather than to devolve, and a ...
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Yamini Aiyar
- 15 February, 2021
- Perspectives
Monkeying with the rupee
In this article, Debraj Ray discusses the sharp depreciation of the rupee and the ongoing outflow of foreign capital from India. Further, he refutes claims that the costs associated with the Food Secu...
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Debraj Ray
- 04 September, 2013
- Perspectives
Choosing to be trained: Behavioural restrictions on participation decisions
Widespread unemployment has prompted policymakers to consider introduction of various training programmes that can help workers accumulate additional skills to obtain new jobs and/ or retain current ...
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Utteeyo Dasgupta Lata Gangadharan Pushkar Maitra Subha Mani Samyukta Subramanian
- 02 September, 2013
- Articles
Is there public support for higher electricity prices in India?
Even though India´s power sector does not generate enough electricity to meet the rapidly growing demand, policymakers hesitate to increase tariffs due to popular opposition. This column discusses r...
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Johannes Urpelainen
- 23 August, 2013
- Articles
Who creates jobs?
With millions of young people entering the labour market each year, the big question is whether there will be enough jobs for them. But who actually creates these jobs? This column looks at data from...
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Ejaz Ghani William Kerr Stephen D O'Connell
- 02 August, 2013
- Articles
Bad management: A constraint on economic development?
Are poor management practices holding back middle-income countries? This column looks at the evidence for private firms and public organisations in manufacturing, retail, healthcare and education in I...
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Renata Lemos Daniela Scur
- 08 July, 2013
- Articles
A case for including migrants' remittances in inter-state comparisons
Gross State Domestic Product, a widely used measure to compare incomes across states in India, does not include migrants’ remittances. This column argues that remittances have a bearing on drawing v...
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Chinmay Tumbe
- 21 June, 2013
- Articles
Underperforming even in good times
The late Professor Raj Krishna´s term ‘Hindu growth rate’ was an aptly pejorative description of India´s economic performance in the post-independence period. But how has India performed in the ...
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Arvind Subramanian
- 14 June, 2013
- Articles
Could railways have done more to aid economic development in India?
Indian Railways celebrated its 160th anniversary last month. This column argues that while railways played a large economic role in British India, it is likely they could have done more to aid economi...
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Dan Bogart Latika Chaudhary
- 29 May, 2013
- Articles
The challenges of opening up India's capital account
A key objective for any open economy is to avoid a financial or balance of payments crisis – a goal that often calls for trade-offs between liberalisation and maintaining control of the economy. Th...
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Abhijit Sen Gupta Rajeswari Sengupta
- 15 May, 2013
- Articles
Renewable energy and India's future
In the world’s second-most populous country, it is unsurprising that the topic of energy supply should be a key issue – and, in particular, its sustainability. This column completes a series on In...
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Ramprasad Sengupta
- 13 May, 2013
- Articles
The Golden Quadrilateral: Highway to success
The Golden Quadrilateral, which connects four major cities in India, is the fifth-longest highway in the world. This column presents research that finds that by improving connectivity, the highway ha...
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Ejaz Ghani Arti Grover Goswami William Kerr
- 10 May, 2013
- Articles
Getting to a greener picture of India's growth story
The Expert Group on Green National Accounting calls for including natural as well as human capital in our national accounts, and defining economic growth in terms of ‘wealth per capita’ instead o...
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Varad Pande
- 08 May, 2013
- Notes from the Field
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Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2016
- Articles
Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
- Prachee Mishra Roopal Suhag
- 20 November, 2017
- Perspectives
Understanding the dynamics of the rupee-dollar exchange rate
Since 1993, the Indian rupee (INR) has officially been following a market-determined exchange rate – price is determined by demand for and supply of foreign exchange – with intervention by the Res...
- Ila Patnaik Rajeswari Sengupta
- 11 October, 2021
- Perspectives