Sowing sunshine: Can agriphotovoltaics offer a path to doubling farmers’ income?
In recent years, the contribution of agriculture and allied sectors to economic output has declined, with farmers’ real incomes virtually stagnating. This article demonstrates that new ideas such as...
Bidisha Banerjee
Subhodeep Basu
Soham Roy
16 June, 2025
- Perspectives
The State within India’s corporate bond market
The value of gross issuances in India’s corporate bond market has grown by 150% over the past decade. In this post, Harsh Vardhan contends that while the market has become bigger, reforms are needed...
Harsh Vardhan
12 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Internal migration and spatial reorganisation of agriculture
While migrants and their urban destinations are extensively studied, less is known about how their departure transforms the rural economies they leave behind. Analysing Indian data, this article shows...
Olivier Deschenes
Raahil Madhok
Mushfiq Mobarak
Frederik Noack
18 June, 2025
- Articles
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
Maitreesh Ghatak
Karthik Muralidharan
05 May, 2025
- Videos
Tracking learning outcomes: ASER’s work through the pandemic
With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns, schools quickly pivoted to online learning. However, there was limited information about whether children had access to learning m...
Rukmini Banerji
Wilima Wadhwa
31 October, 2022
- Videos
The growing wave of decentralisation: Comparative evidence from developing countries
Over the last few decades, decentralisation has been rapidly spreading in developing countries across the world, with around 35 countries announcing new or deepening decentralisation reforms in recent...
Jean-Paul Faguet
Lakshmi Iyer
Sarmistha Pal
16 November, 2023
- Videos
Latest
What broad lessons have we learned from 115 studies on unconditional cash transfers?
Globally, around 700 million people currently live in extreme poverty, and in recent years, unconditional cash transfers have emerged as a popular tool for poverty alleviation in low- and middle-incom...
Tommaso Crosta
Dean Karlan
Finley Ong
Julius Ruschenpohler
Christopher Udry
20 June, 2025
- Articles
Internal migration and spatial reorganisation of agriculture
While migrants and their urban destinations are extensively studied, less is known about how their departure transforms the rural economies they leave behind. Analysing Indian data, this article shows...
Olivier Deschenes
Raahil Madhok
Mushfiq Mobarak
Frederik Noack
18 June, 2025
- Articles
Sowing sunshine: Can agriphotovoltaics offer a path to doubling farmers’ income?
In recent years, the contribution of agriculture and allied sectors to economic output has declined, with farmers’ real incomes virtually stagnating. This article demonstrates that new ideas such as...
Bidisha Banerjee
Subhodeep Basu
Soham Roy
16 June, 2025
- Perspectives
The State within India’s corporate bond market
The value of gross issuances in India’s corporate bond market has grown by 150% over the past decade. In this post, Harsh Vardhan contends that while the market has become bigger, reforms are needed...
Harsh Vardhan
12 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Global software piracy: Does US Special 301 pressure matter?
Section 301 of the US Trade Act seeks to combat global software piracy, with non-compliance by partner countries potentially leading to trade sanctions. Examining data from 1994-2017 involving 83 coun...
Sunil Kanwar
10 June, 2025
- Articles
Most Popular
Unique Health Identification and Aadhaar: A case for mandatory linkage
As part of the Digital India initiative, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) issues a Unique Health Identification (UHID) number to each patient, which documents their entire journey in th...
Mudit Kapoor
23 December, 2016
- Perspectives
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
Pallabi Das
Saswata Ghosh
18 April, 2023
- Articles
Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
Gurbachan Singh
29 February, 2016
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011
The 2011 Indian Census data show a higher growth rate of Muslim population compared to the Hindu population. This article provides an in-depth picture of Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials at the di...
Saswata Ghosh
27 March, 2019
- Articles
Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
Prachee Mishra
Roopal Suhag
20 November, 2017
- Perspectives
Symposia
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
I4I Team
08 March, 2025
Introduction to e-Symposium: Tiger conservation in India
Despite a recent upward trend in tiger populations in India, the tiger remains on the endangered species list. Saving the tiger, therefore, is not a fait accompli but a continuous struggle that must b...
Parikshit Ghosh
31 July, 2024
Ideas@IPF2024 series: Research from NCAER’s India Policy Forum
Every year, National Council of Applied Economic Research hosts the India Policy Forum, a platform where economists and policymakers dissect research ideas for their relevance to public policy. Follo...
Pradip Kumar Bagchi
10 July, 2024
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Agriculture Show this topicHide this topic
Internal migration and spatial reorganisation of agriculture
While migrants and their urban destinations are extensively studied, less is known about how their departure transforms the rural economies they leave behind. Analysing Indian data, this article shows...
Olivier Deschenes
Raahil Madhok
Mushfiq Mobarak
Frederik Noack
18 June, 2025
- Articles
Sowing sunshine: Can agriphotovoltaics offer a path to doubling farmers’ income?
Bidisha Banerjee
Subhodeep Basu
Soham Roy
16 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Information is power: ICT and agricultural productivity
Aranya Chakraborty
Digvijay S. Negi
Rahul Rao
07 April, 2025
- Articles
Impact of climate change on smallholder dairy farmers in India
Amlan Das Gupta
10 February, 2025
- Articles
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Macroeconomics Show this topicHide this topic
Why next-generation economic reforms are crucial for reviving investment
While corporate profitability and banks' lending ability have been on the rise for some time, corporate investment remains sluggish. In this post, Gupta and Sachdeva argue that investment levels of In...
Shishir Gupta
Rishita Sachdeva
11 April, 2025
- Articles
Union Budget 2025-26: Many small measures but lacks big ideas
Rajeswari Sengupta
05 February, 2025
- Perspectives
High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
Prachi Mishra
Nikhil Patel
20 December, 2024
- Perspectives
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Human Development Show this topicHide this topic
Raising the value of women’s time for a transition to clean fuels
A majority of women in rural India continue to use traditional fuels, adding to the time that they devote to domestic work. In this post, Farzana Afridi discusses findings from a survey in Madhya Prad...
Farzana Afridi
04 June, 2025
- Articles
India’s primary healthcare reform: Improved service delivery, reduced mortality
Patrick Agte
Jitendra Kumar Soni
28 May, 2025
- Articles
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
Shweta Bhutada
Deepak Kumar
08 May, 2025
- Notes from the Field
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Social Identity Show this topicHide this topic
Girls in tech: Evaluating IIT’s Supernumerary Seats Scheme
Introduced in 2018, the Supernumerary Seats Scheme seeks to improve gender ratios among undergraduate engineering students at IITs, which have historically been male dominated. This article shows that...
Nandana Sengupta
Swati Sharma
21 May, 2025
- Articles
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Governance Show this topicHide this topic
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
Maitreesh Ghatak
Karthik Muralidharan
05 May, 2025
- Videos
Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water
Sabyasachi Das
Souvik Dutta
14 February, 2025
- Articles
The influence of local politicians in the private education market
Muneer Kalliylil
Soham Sahoo
07 February, 2025
- Articles
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Poverty & Inequality Show this topicHide this topic
What broad lessons have we learned from 115 studies on unconditional cash transfers?
Globally, around 700 million people currently live in extreme poverty, and in recent years, unconditional cash transfers have emerged as a popular tool for poverty alleviation in low- and middle-incom...
Tommaso Crosta
Dean Karlan
Finley Ong
Julius Ruschenpohler
Christopher Udry
20 June, 2025
- Articles
Food deprivation: A thali index reveals what poverty estimates do not
Pulapre Balakrishnan
Aman Raj
06 June, 2025
- Perspectives
Could better jobs for men have improved gender equality?
Sujata Balasubramanian
25 April, 2025
- Articles
Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?
Saloni Khurana
Kanika Mahajan
Kunal Sen
19 February, 2025
- Articles
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Environment Show this topicHide this topic
Climate Change: An unfolding public health crisis
Climate change is no longer merely an environmental issue; it is emerging as a profound threat to human health and well-being. In this post, Chandra, Sen Gupta, and Zheng discuss the diverse and compl...
Rakesh Chandra
Abhijit Sen Gupta
Edith Zheng
02 June, 2025
- Articles
Addressing water scarcity in Maharashtra: Need for a policy shift
Vinay Sankar
Sachin Tiwale
19 May, 2025
- Perspectives
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Money & Finance Show this topicHide this topic
The State within India’s corporate bond market
The value of gross issuances in India’s corporate bond market has grown by 150% over the past decade. In this post, Harsh Vardhan contends that while the market has become bigger, reforms are needed...
Harsh Vardhan
12 June, 2025
- Perspectives
How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
Anurag Banerjee
Debasis Rooj
Reshmi Sengupta
15 May, 2025
- Articles
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Productivity & Innovation Show this topicHide this topic
Global software piracy: Does US Special 301 pressure matter?
Section 301 of the US Trade Act seeks to combat global software piracy, with non-compliance by partner countries potentially leading to trade sanctions. Examining data from 1994-2017 involving 83 coun...
Sunil Kanwar
10 June, 2025
- Articles
Manufacturing share in GDP: Comparing India with China and South Korea
Bishwanath Goldar
26 May, 2025
- Perspectives
Wartime mobilisation and economic development in India
Aneesha Parvathaneni
Dean Yang
03 April, 2025
- Articles
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Urbanisation Show this topicHide this topic
Street vending: Understanding emotional markups and market interactions
Despite the ubiquity of street vending in urban landscapes and its significance as a livelihood choice among the poor, it is challenging to collect comprehensive data on vendors – especially childre...
Ronak Jain
28 October, 2024
- Articles
What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?
Gaurav Dhamija
Punarjit Roychowdhury
Binay Shankar
28 March, 2024
- Articles
Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?
Gurbachan Singh
29 February, 2024
- Perspectives
Evidence of illegal fuel use by auto rickshaws in Kolkata
Satyaki Sensarma
21 February, 2023
- Articles
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Trade Show this topicHide this topic
India’s new FTAs: Strategic shift to developed economies
The recently concluded India-UK Free Trade Agreement is a part of a wider shift in India’s global economic strategy, which has involved a renewed focus on FTAs with developed countries. In this post...
Sharmila Kantha
23 May, 2025
- Perspectives
How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk
Juanma Castro-Vincenzi
Gaurav Khanna
Nicolas Morales
Nitya Pandalai-Nayar
03 February, 2025
- Articles
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Miscellany Show this topicHide this topic
Policy Roundup: India-UK FTA, good monsoon, medium firms
This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to the India-UK free trade agreement, predictions of an above-normal monsoon thi...
Nalini Gulati
30 May, 2025
- Perspectives
Policy Roundup: State budgets, time use survey, natural calamities
Nalini Gulati
01 April, 2025
- Perspectives