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Policy Roundup: Domestic reform push amidst global turmoil

Recent disruptions to global trade have brought into focus the need for holistic policy reforms in India – aimed at enhancing productivity, innovation, and competitiveness in economic activity. Against this backdrop, this post highlights I4I content pertaining to exit barriers faced by manufacturi...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2025

Do judges favour defendants like themselves? Evidence from Indian courts

Around the world, research has shown that people in positions of power tend to favour those who share their social identity. To examine whether the same is true in Indian courts, this article analyses over five million criminal cases from the period 2010-2018. In contrast to the patterns documented ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2025

Enhancing the State's implementation capacity: Lessons from Delhi schools

In a new edition of I4I conversations, Yamini Aiyar is joined by Shrayana Bhattacharya to discuss her new book, Lessons in State Capacity from Delhi Schools.

  • Podcasts

Content Type: Podcasts
Topic: Governance
Year: 2025

Enhancing the State's implementation capacity: Lessons from Delhi schools

In a new edition of I4I conversations, Yamini Aiyar is joined by Shrayana Bhattacharya to discuss her new book, Lessons in State Capacity from Delhi Schools.

  • Videos

Content Type: Videos
Topic: Governance
Year: 2025

Rethinking India’s export strategy

The recently imposed US tariffs on India are being viewed by some analysts as an opportunity for India to undertake holistic economic reforms. In this post, Sharmila Kantha contends that such reforms ought to be undertaken for their own sake rather than as a response to external pressures. She furth...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Trade
Year: 2025

Election of criminal politicians and public service delivery

Why are politicians with criminal records elected to office, despite voters having the option to weed them out? Based on the hypothesis that criminal politicians strategically deliver targeted benefits to voters, this article examines how such politicians spend funds under India’s national employm...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Governance
Year: 2025

India at work: Challenges and the road ahead

While India’s economy experienced steady growth over the last 20 years or so, the growth in employment has not kept pace and key challenges remain to the creation of good-quality jobs. In this post, Gulati, Mahajan and Sharma outline six insights pertaining to the jobs landscape in the country tod...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2025

India’s data workers: The human labour making machines learn

Technological progress can displace workers from existing work, as well as create new work. Combined with demographic changes and macroeconomic fluctuations, it has also spurred the growth of non-standard employment. Within these trends, Neha Arya shines the spotlight on “data workers” in India...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2025

Night shift bans and female employment in Indian manufacturing

Between 2014 and 2017, seven Indian states amended their regulations to allow women to work night shifts in factories, with the condition that employers provide female-friendly amenities. This article finds that the removal of gender-discriminatory employment restrictions led to an increase in femal...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2025

Teacher development and school performance: Seven lessons from schools that do well

While the centrality of teachers’ role in the learning process at schools is widely recognised, challenges on the ground come in the way of quality outcomes. Based on preliminary insights from a pilot study of schools in the National Capital Region, Amarjeet Sinha distils lessons from better perfo...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2025

Policy Roundup: Trump tariffs, India’s energy security, broader export strategy

This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the Indian policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to US tariffs on India, oil trade and energy security, and the need for greater regional diversification of export markets

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2025

Exit barriers as entry barriers: Explaining India’s odd development path

Despite an abundance of low-skilled labour, India never experienced the kind of take-off in labour-intensive manufacturing seen in other countries at similar income levels. This article argues that a central reason for this is the institutional exit barriers faced by manufacturing firms. Leveraging ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2025