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Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water

Canal water – an important source of irrigation in India – often tends to be unequally distributed among farmers within a geographical area. Based on a survey in the state of Odisha, following the decentralisation of the management of canal irrigation systems, this article finds that the policy ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Governance
Year: 2025

Policy Roundup: Union Budget and “Sabka Vikas”

Following the release of the Economic Survey of India and the Union Budget for 2025-26 – which reflect the official assessment of the state of the Indian economy and the government’s priorities and plans going forward – this special edition of the Policy Roundup spotlights research pertaining ...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2025

Impact of climate change on smallholder dairy farmers in India

A considerable number of agricultural households in India engage in livestock rearing and milk production to supplement their income and improve household nutrition. This article examines how global warming impacts smallholder dairy farmers, particularly through a decline in milk yields. It finds a ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Agriculture
Year: 2025

The influence of local politicians in the private education market

Private schooling has experienced rapid expansion in India – both in terms of number of schools and student enrolment. Analysing data from 2005-2017, this article shows that constituencies represented by ruling party-aligned politicians experience significantly higher growth in private schools, re...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Governance
Year: 2025

Union Budget 2025-26: Many small measures but lacks big ideas

The Finance Minister recently presented the Union Budget for 2025-26. In this post, Rajeswari Sengupta notes that the most significant aspect of this Budget is the fiscal stimulus aimed at middle-class consumers through tax relief. However, she argues that the impact of this measure is likely to be ...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2024

How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk

Amidst growing climate risks, localised weather events such as floods or droughts pose a threat to the links between firms and their suppliers. Using data from India, this article analyses how businesses adapt their sourcing strategies to mitigate climate risks, and the broader economic implications...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Trade
Year: 2025

Policy Roundup: 1.5 degree breach, Trump’s America, ASER 2024

This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to the widespread negative effects of climate change and what can be done to mitigate global warming; how uncertainty around immigration policies impacts job markets; improving stu...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2025

Third Ashok Kotwal Memorial Lecture: Voluntary Carbon Markets: Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Economies

The Ashok Kotwal Memorial Lecture was instituted in 2022, in memory of our founding Editor-in-Chief, as an annual lecture on key issues in development. For the third edition on 11 December 2024, Professor Rohini Pande spoke about voluntary carbon markets, and the associated challenges and opportunit...

  • Videos

Content Type: Videos
Topic: Environment
Year: 2025

Technological advancement and employment changes: Recent trends in India

What is the impact of rapid technological advancements on employment in the Indian economy? In this post, Kathuria and Dev analyse ‘Consumer Pyramids Household Survey’ data to explore this question. They note a consistent decline in the share of low-skilled workers across sectors, along with red...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2025

Feminisation of India’s industrial workforce

In recent years, the average annual growth rate in manufacturing employment has exceeded that of aggregate employment in India. In this post, Goldar and Aggarwal demonstrate that this trend is accompanied by an increase in the share of women in the industrial workforce – largely driven by a rise i...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2025

Construction sector and air pollution: Evidence from India

The construction sector has emerged as a significant yet often overlooked contributor to worsening air quality in India. Exploring the link between construction activities and air pollution, this article shows that heavy-duty diesel equipment used on construction sites lead to NO₂ emissions. This ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Environment
Year: 2025

Network membership and demand for health insurance

Despite being free and having liberal eligibility criteria, the adoption of public health insurance in India remains low. This article examines how informal networks influence adoption behaviour, in the context of Andhra Pradesh’s Aarogyasri programme. It shows that network type matters: informati...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2025