What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
Priyanshi Chaudhary
Avanindra Nath Thakur
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Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
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Deepak Kumar
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Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
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Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
Maitreesh Ghatak
Karthik Muralidharan
05 May, 2025
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Tracking learning outcomes: ASER’s work through the pandemic
With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns, schools quickly pivoted to online learning. However, there was limited information about whether children had access to learning m...
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Wilima Wadhwa
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The growing wave of decentralisation: Comparative evidence from developing countries
Over the last few decades, decentralisation has been rapidly spreading in developing countries across the world, with around 35 countries announcing new or deepening decentralisation reforms in recent...
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Sarmistha Pal
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How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
The financial turmoil of 2008 and the subsequent recession amplified the association between vulnerabilities in the financial markets and the real economy. Examining the behavioural responses of India...
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Reshmi Sengupta
15 May, 2025
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What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
Priyanshi Chaudhary
Avanindra Nath Thakur
13 May, 2025
- Articles
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
Shweta Bhutada
Deepak Kumar
08 May, 2025
- Notes from the Field
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
Maitreesh Ghatak
Karthik Muralidharan
05 May, 2025
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Planning for ‘jobs of the future’ in a changing world
Following decades of structural transformation, in the coming years, external factors including climate change, increasing automation, and global economic policies will all play a role in determining ...
Nikita Mujumdar
01 May, 2025
- Perspectives
Most Popular
Unique Health Identification and Aadhaar: A case for mandatory linkage
As part of the Digital India initiative, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) issues a Unique Health Identification (UHID) number to each patient, which documents their entire journey in th...
Mudit Kapoor
23 December, 2016
- Perspectives
Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
Gurbachan Singh
29 February, 2016
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Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
Pallabi Das
Saswata Ghosh
18 April, 2023
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Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011
The 2011 Indian Census data show a higher growth rate of Muslim population compared to the Hindu population. This article provides an in-depth picture of Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials at the di...
Saswata Ghosh
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Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
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- Perspectives
Symposia
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
I4I Team
08 March, 2025
Introduction to e-Symposium: Tiger conservation in India
Despite a recent upward trend in tiger populations in India, the tiger remains on the endangered species list. Saving the tiger, therefore, is not a fait accompli but a continuous struggle that must b...
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Ideas@IPF2024 series: Research from NCAER’s India Policy Forum
Every year, National Council of Applied Economic Research hosts the India Policy Forum, a platform where economists and policymakers dissect research ideas for their relevance to public policy. Follo...
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Agriculture Show this topicHide this topic
Information is power: ICT and agricultural productivity
One reason for low agricultural productivity in developing countries is that farmers lack sufficient information or guidance in the use of modern agricultural methods. This article examines the impact...
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Digvijay S. Negi
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The agricultural productivity gap: Informality matters
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100 million tonnes of cereals are missing… every year
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05 July, 2024
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Macroeconomics Show this topicHide this topic
Why next-generation economic reforms are crucial for reviving investment
While corporate profitability and banks' lending ability have been on the rise for some time, corporate investment remains sluggish. In this post, Gupta and Sachdeva argue that investment levels of In...
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Rishita Sachdeva
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High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
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20 December, 2024
- Perspectives
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Human Development Show this topicHide this topic
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
Shweta Bhutada
Deepak Kumar
08 May, 2025
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Lighting the path to learning: Can electricity boost children’s test scores?
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Reflections on how the New Education Policy plays out in the classroom
Suman Bhattacharjea
Shweta Bhutada
Akanksha Bisht
26 March, 2025
- Notes from the Field
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Social Identity Show this topicHide this topic
What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
Priyanshi Chaudhary
Avanindra Nath Thakur
13 May, 2025
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Female labour force participation: Measurement and data quality
Surjit Bhalla
Karan Bhasin
Tirthatanmoy Das
10 March, 2025
- Articles
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Governance Show this topicHide this topic
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
Maitreesh Ghatak
Karthik Muralidharan
05 May, 2025
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Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water
Sabyasachi Das
Souvik Dutta
14 February, 2025
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The influence of local politicians in the private education market
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Soham Sahoo
07 February, 2025
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Poverty & Inequality Show this topicHide this topic
Could better jobs for men have improved gender equality?
Evidence indicates that economic growth can improve gender equality. In this post, Sujata Balasubramanian suggests that India’s high-growth period from 1982-83 to 2011-12 failed to do so substantial...
Sujata Balasubramanian
25 April, 2025
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Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?
Saloni Khurana
Kanika Mahajan
Kunal Sen
19 February, 2025
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India’s poverty rate does not measure what you think it does
Joshua Merfeld
Jonathan Morduch
16 December, 2024
- Articles
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Environment Show this topicHide this topic
Grain procurement and seasonal air pollution
To provide farmers with stable remunerative prices for their produce, the government commits to buy all surplus grain at minimum support prices. This article demonstrates that when procurement prices ...
Digvijay S. Negi
21 April, 2025
- Articles
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Money & Finance Show this topicHide this topic
How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
The financial turmoil of 2008 and the subsequent recession amplified the association between vulnerabilities in the financial markets and the real economy. Examining the behavioural responses of India...
Anurag Banerjee
Debasis Rooj
Reshmi Sengupta
15 May, 2025
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Finance for small-firm growth: Towards flexibility and innovation
Muhammad Meki
09 April, 2025
- Articles
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Productivity & Innovation Show this topicHide this topic
Planning for ‘jobs of the future’ in a changing world
Following decades of structural transformation, in the coming years, external factors including climate change, increasing automation, and global economic policies will all play a role in determining ...
Nikita Mujumdar
01 May, 2025
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Wartime mobilisation and economic development in India
Aneesha Parvathaneni
Dean Yang
03 April, 2025
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Complementarity between labour and energy in Indian manufacturing
Raavi Aggarwal
24 March, 2025
- Articles
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Urbanisation Show this topicHide this topic
Street vending: Understanding emotional markups and market interactions
Despite the ubiquity of street vending in urban landscapes and its significance as a livelihood choice among the poor, it is challenging to collect comprehensive data on vendors – especially childre...
Ronak Jain
28 October, 2024
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What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?
Gaurav Dhamija
Punarjit Roychowdhury
Binay Shankar
28 March, 2024
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Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?
Gurbachan Singh
29 February, 2024
- Perspectives
Evidence of illegal fuel use by auto rickshaws in Kolkata
Satyaki Sensarma
21 February, 2023
- Articles
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Trade Show this topicHide this topic
The tariff tantrums
President Trump’s administration has imposed steep tariffs on countries across the world, ostensibly to promote fair trade and reduce US trade deficits. However, Parikshit Ghosh argues that these ...
Parikshit Ghosh
15 April, 2025
- Perspectives
How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk
Juanma Castro-Vincenzi
Gaurav Khanna
Nicolas Morales
Nitya Pandalai-Nayar
03 February, 2025
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How the Bangladesh unrest may impact India’s trade
Radhika Pandey
Rachna Sharma
18 September, 2024
- Perspectives
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Miscellany Show this topicHide this topic
Policy Roundup: Heat waves, smart cities, poverty debate
This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to extreme heat predictions for Indian summer and the environmental impacts of c...
Nalini Gulati
30 April, 2025
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Policy Roundup: State budgets, time use survey, natural calamities
Nalini Gulati
01 April, 2025
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Policy Roundup: 1.5 degree breach, Trump’s America, ASER 2024
Nalini Gulati
31 January, 2025
- Perspectives