15 May, 2025What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
Priyanshi Chaudhary Avanindra Nath Thakur 
13 May, 2025
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Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
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- 08 May, 2025
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Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
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Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
- Maitreesh Ghatak Karthik Muralidharan
- 05 May, 2025
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Tracking learning outcomes: ASER’s work through the pandemic
With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns, schools quickly pivoted to online learning. However, there was limited information about whether children had access to learning m...
- Rukmini Banerji Wilima Wadhwa
- 31 October, 2022
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The growing wave of decentralisation: Comparative evidence from developing countries
Over the last few decades, decentralisation has been rapidly spreading in developing countries across the world, with around 35 countries announcing new or deepening decentralisation reforms in recent...
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- 16 November, 2023
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Latest
How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
The financial turmoil of 2008 and the subsequent recession amplified the association between vulnerabilities in the financial markets and the real economy. Examining the behavioural responses of India...
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- 15 May, 2025
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What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
- Priyanshi Chaudhary Avanindra Nath Thakur
- 13 May, 2025
- Articles
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
- Shweta Bhutada Deepak Kumar
- 08 May, 2025
- Notes from the Field
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
- Maitreesh Ghatak Karthik Muralidharan
- 05 May, 2025
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Planning for ‘jobs of the future’ in a changing world
Following decades of structural transformation, in the coming years, external factors including climate change, increasing automation, and global economic policies will all play a role in determining ...
- Nikita Mujumdar
- 01 May, 2025
- Perspectives
Most Popular
Unique Health Identification and Aadhaar: A case for mandatory linkage
As part of the Digital India initiative, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) issues a Unique Health Identification (UHID) number to each patient, which documents their entire journey in th...
- Mudit Kapoor
- 23 December, 2016
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Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2016
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Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
- Pallabi Das Saswata Ghosh
- 18 April, 2023
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Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011
The 2011 Indian Census data show a higher growth rate of Muslim population compared to the Hindu population. This article provides an in-depth picture of Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials at the di...
- Saswata Ghosh
- 27 March, 2019
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Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
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Symposia
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
- I4I Team
- 08 March, 2025
Introduction to e-Symposium: Tiger conservation in India
Despite a recent upward trend in tiger populations in India, the tiger remains on the endangered species list. Saving the tiger, therefore, is not a fait accompli but a continuous struggle that must b...
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Ideas@IPF2024 series: Research from NCAER’s India Policy Forum
Every year, National Council of Applied Economic Research hosts the India Policy Forum, a platform where economists and policymakers dissect research ideas for their relevance to public policy. Follo...
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Agriculture Show this topicHide this topic
Information is power: ICT and agricultural productivity
One reason for low agricultural productivity in developing countries is that farmers lack sufficient information or guidance in the use of modern agricultural methods. This article examines the impact...
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Macroeconomics Show this topicHide this topic
Why next-generation economic reforms are crucial for reviving investment
While corporate profitability and banks' lending ability have been on the rise for some time, corporate investment remains sluggish. In this post, Gupta and Sachdeva argue that investment levels of In...
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High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
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Human Development Show this topicHide this topic
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
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Lighting the path to learning: Can electricity boost children’s test scores?
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Social Identity Show this topicHide this topic
What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
- Priyanshi Chaudhary Avanindra Nath Thakur
- 13 May, 2025
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Female labour force participation: Measurement and data quality
- Surjit Bhalla Karan Bhasin Tirthatanmoy Das
- 10 March, 2025
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Governance Show this topicHide this topic
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
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- 05 May, 2025
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Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water
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The influence of local politicians in the private education market
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- 07 February, 2025
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Poverty & Inequality Show this topicHide this topic
Could better jobs for men have improved gender equality?
Evidence indicates that economic growth can improve gender equality. In this post, Sujata Balasubramanian suggests that India’s high-growth period from 1982-83 to 2011-12 failed to do so substantial...
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- 25 April, 2025
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Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?
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India’s poverty rate does not measure what you think it does
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Environment Show this topicHide this topic
Grain procurement and seasonal air pollution
To provide farmers with stable remunerative prices for their produce, the government commits to buy all surplus grain at minimum support prices. This article demonstrates that when procurement prices ...
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- 21 April, 2025
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Money & Finance Show this topicHide this topic
How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
The financial turmoil of 2008 and the subsequent recession amplified the association between vulnerabilities in the financial markets and the real economy. Examining the behavioural responses of India...
- Anurag Banerjee Debasis Rooj Reshmi Sengupta
- 15 May, 2025
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Finance for small-firm growth: Towards flexibility and innovation
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- 09 April, 2025
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Productivity & Innovation Show this topicHide this topic
Planning for ‘jobs of the future’ in a changing world
Following decades of structural transformation, in the coming years, external factors including climate change, increasing automation, and global economic policies will all play a role in determining ...
- Nikita Mujumdar
- 01 May, 2025
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Wartime mobilisation and economic development in India
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Complementarity between labour and energy in Indian manufacturing
- Raavi Aggarwal
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Urbanisation Show this topicHide this topic
Street vending: Understanding emotional markups and market interactions
Despite the ubiquity of street vending in urban landscapes and its significance as a livelihood choice among the poor, it is challenging to collect comprehensive data on vendors – especially childre...
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What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?
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Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?
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- 29 February, 2024
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Evidence of illegal fuel use by auto rickshaws in Kolkata
- Satyaki Sensarma
- 21 February, 2023
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Trade Show this topicHide this topic
The tariff tantrums
President Trump’s administration has imposed steep tariffs on countries across the world, ostensibly to promote fair trade and reduce US trade deficits. However, Parikshit Ghosh argues that these ...
- Parikshit Ghosh
- 15 April, 2025
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How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk
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How the Bangladesh unrest may impact India’s trade
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- 18 September, 2024
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Miscellany Show this topicHide this topic
Policy Roundup: Heat waves, smart cities, poverty debate
This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to extreme heat predictions for Indian summer and the environmental impacts of c...
- Nalini Gulati
- 30 April, 2025
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Policy Roundup: State budgets, time use survey, natural calamities
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- 01 April, 2025
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Policy Roundup: 1.5 degree breach, Trump’s America, ASER 2024
- Nalini Gulati
- 31 January, 2025
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