19 May, 2025How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
The financial turmoil of 2008 and the subsequent recession amplified the association between vulnerabilities in the financial markets and the real economy. Examining the behavioural responses of India...
Anurag Banerjee Debasis Rooj Reshmi Sengupta 
15 May, 2025
- Articles
What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
- Priyanshi Chaudhary Avanindra Nath Thakur
- 13 May, 2025
- Articles
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
- Shweta Bhutada Deepak Kumar
- 08 May, 2025
- Notes from the Field
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
- Maitreesh Ghatak Karthik Muralidharan
- 05 May, 2025
- Videos
Tracking learning outcomes: ASER’s work through the pandemic
With the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns, schools quickly pivoted to online learning. However, there was limited information about whether children had access to learning m...
- Rukmini Banerji Wilima Wadhwa
- 31 October, 2022
- Videos
The growing wave of decentralisation: Comparative evidence from developing countries
Over the last few decades, decentralisation has been rapidly spreading in developing countries across the world, with around 35 countries announcing new or deepening decentralisation reforms in recent...
- Jean-Paul Faguet Lakshmi Iyer Sarmistha Pal
- 16 November, 2023
- Videos
Latest
Addressing water scarcity in Maharashtra: Need for a policy shift
In the 1980s, Maharashtra played a pioneering role in promoting integrated watershed development to address water scarcity. In this post, Tiwale and Sankar contend that in recent years, the state has ...
- Vinay Sankar Sachin Tiwale
- 19 May, 2025
- Perspectives
How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
The financial turmoil of 2008 and the subsequent recession amplified the association between vulnerabilities in the financial markets and the real economy. Examining the behavioural responses of India...
- Anurag Banerjee Debasis Rooj Reshmi Sengupta
- 15 May, 2025
- Articles
What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
- Priyanshi Chaudhary Avanindra Nath Thakur
- 13 May, 2025
- Articles
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
- Shweta Bhutada Deepak Kumar
- 08 May, 2025
- Notes from the Field
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
- Maitreesh Ghatak Karthik Muralidharan
- 05 May, 2025
- Videos
Most Popular
Unique Health Identification and Aadhaar: A case for mandatory linkage
As part of the Digital India initiative, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) issues a Unique Health Identification (UHID) number to each patient, which documents their entire journey in th...
- Mudit Kapoor
- 23 December, 2016
- Perspectives
Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2016
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
- Pallabi Das Saswata Ghosh
- 18 April, 2023
- Articles
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011
The 2011 Indian Census data show a higher growth rate of Muslim population compared to the Hindu population. This article provides an in-depth picture of Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials at the di...
- Saswata Ghosh
- 27 March, 2019
- Articles
Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
- Prachee Mishra Roopal Suhag
- 20 November, 2017
- Perspectives
Symposia
International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment
Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...
- I4I Team
- 08 March, 2025
Introduction to e-Symposium: Tiger conservation in India
Despite a recent upward trend in tiger populations in India, the tiger remains on the endangered species list. Saving the tiger, therefore, is not a fait accompli but a continuous struggle that must b...
- Parikshit Ghosh
- 31 July, 2024
Ideas@IPF2024 series: Research from NCAER’s India Policy Forum
Every year, National Council of Applied Economic Research hosts the India Policy Forum, a platform where economists and policymakers dissect research ideas for their relevance to public policy. Follo...
- Pradip Kumar Bagchi
- 10 July, 2024
Browse By Topic
-
Agriculture Show this topicHide this topic
Information is power: ICT and agricultural productivity
One reason for low agricultural productivity in developing countries is that farmers lack sufficient information or guidance in the use of modern agricultural methods. This article examines the impact...
- Aranya Chakraborty Digvijay S. Negi Rahul Rao
- 07 April, 2025
- Articles
Impact of climate change on smallholder dairy farmers in India
- Amlan Das Gupta
- 10 February, 2025
- Articles
The agricultural productivity gap: Informality matters
- Rajveer Jat Bharat Ramaswami
- 20 November, 2024
- Articles
100 million tonnes of cereals are missing… every year
- Jean Drèze Christian Oldiges
- 05 July, 2024
- Perspectives
-
Macroeconomics Show this topicHide this topic
Why next-generation economic reforms are crucial for reviving investment
While corporate profitability and banks' lending ability have been on the rise for some time, corporate investment remains sluggish. In this post, Gupta and Sachdeva argue that investment levels of In...
- Shishir Gupta Rishita Sachdeva
- 11 April, 2025
- Articles
Union Budget 2025-26: Many small measures but lacks big ideas
- Rajeswari Sengupta
- 05 February, 2025
- Perspectives
High public debt in India: 9 stylised facts
- Prachi Mishra Nikhil Patel
- 20 December, 2024
- Perspectives
-
Human Development Show this topicHide this topic
Youth’s digital readiness in rural India
As India undergoes rapid technological transformation, digital literacy has become a key driver of youth’s preparedness for future educational, economic, and social opportunities. In this note, Kuma...
- Shweta Bhutada Deepak Kumar
- 08 May, 2025
- Notes from the Field
Lighting the path to learning: Can electricity boost children’s test scores?
- Somdeep Chatterjee Shiv Hastawala Jai Kamal
- 23 April, 2025
- Articles
Reflections on how the New Education Policy plays out in the classroom
- Suman Bhattacharjea Shweta Bhutada Akanksha Bisht
- 26 March, 2025
- Notes from the Field
-
Social Identity Show this topicHide this topic
What is behind the recent rise in women’s workforce participation?
Women’s workforce participation in India increased from 32% in 2022-23 to 37% in 2023-24, with the rise concentrated in rural areas. This article demonstrates that this significant change may be dri...
- Priyanshi Chaudhary Avanindra Nath Thakur
- 13 May, 2025
- Articles
Female labour force participation: Measurement and data quality
- Surjit Bhalla Karan Bhasin Tirthatanmoy Das
- 10 March, 2025
- Articles
-
Governance Show this topicHide this topic
Building State capacity for accelerating development through effective governance
In a new edition of I4I conversations, Maitreesh Ghatak (London School of Economics) is joined by Karthik Muralidharan (University of California, San Diego) to discuss his new book, Accelerating India...
- Maitreesh Ghatak Karthik Muralidharan
- 05 May, 2025
- Videos
Decentralisation and spatial (mis)allocation of irrigation water
- Sabyasachi Das Souvik Dutta
- 14 February, 2025
- Articles
The influence of local politicians in the private education market
- Muneer Kalliylil Soham Sahoo
- 07 February, 2025
- Articles
-
Poverty & Inequality Show this topicHide this topic
Could better jobs for men have improved gender equality?
Evidence indicates that economic growth can improve gender equality. In this post, Sujata Balasubramanian suggests that India’s high-growth period from 1982-83 to 2011-12 failed to do so substantial...
- Sujata Balasubramanian
- 25 April, 2025
- Articles
Do minimum wages reduce inequality in India?
- Saloni Khurana Kanika Mahajan Kunal Sen
- 19 February, 2025
- Articles
India’s poverty rate does not measure what you think it does
- Joshua Merfeld Jonathan Morduch
- 16 December, 2024
- Articles
-
Environment Show this topicHide this topic
Addressing water scarcity in Maharashtra: Need for a policy shift
In the 1980s, Maharashtra played a pioneering role in promoting integrated watershed development to address water scarcity. In this post, Tiwale and Sankar contend that in recent years, the state has ...
- Vinay Sankar Sachin Tiwale
- 19 May, 2025
- Perspectives
-
Money & Finance Show this topicHide this topic
How financial stress impacts consumer confidence
The financial turmoil of 2008 and the subsequent recession amplified the association between vulnerabilities in the financial markets and the real economy. Examining the behavioural responses of India...
- Anurag Banerjee Debasis Rooj Reshmi Sengupta
- 15 May, 2025
- Articles
Finance for small-firm growth: Towards flexibility and innovation
- Muhammad Meki
- 09 April, 2025
- Articles
-
Productivity & Innovation Show this topicHide this topic
Planning for ‘jobs of the future’ in a changing world
Following decades of structural transformation, in the coming years, external factors including climate change, increasing automation, and global economic policies will all play a role in determining ...
- Nikita Mujumdar
- 01 May, 2025
- Perspectives
Wartime mobilisation and economic development in India
- Aneesha Parvathaneni Dean Yang
- 03 April, 2025
- Articles
Complementarity between labour and energy in Indian manufacturing
- Raavi Aggarwal
- 24 March, 2025
- Articles
-
Urbanisation Show this topicHide this topic
Street vending: Understanding emotional markups and market interactions
Despite the ubiquity of street vending in urban landscapes and its significance as a livelihood choice among the poor, it is challenging to collect comprehensive data on vendors – especially childre...
- Ronak Jain
- 28 October, 2024
- Articles
What are the effects of India’s rapid urbanisation on women’s empowerment?
- Gaurav Dhamija Punarjit Roychowdhury Binay Shankar
- 28 March, 2024
- Articles
Why is land expensive in India, and what can be done about it?
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2024
- Perspectives
Evidence of illegal fuel use by auto rickshaws in Kolkata
- Satyaki Sensarma
- 21 February, 2023
- Articles
-
Trade Show this topicHide this topic
The tariff tantrums
President Trump’s administration has imposed steep tariffs on countries across the world, ostensibly to promote fair trade and reduce US trade deficits. However, Parikshit Ghosh argues that these ...
- Parikshit Ghosh
- 15 April, 2025
- Perspectives
How firms adapt supply chains to climate risk
- Juanma Castro-Vincenzi Gaurav Khanna Nicolas Morales Nitya Pandalai-Nayar
- 03 February, 2025
- Articles
How the Bangladesh unrest may impact India’s trade
- Radhika Pandey Rachna Sharma
- 18 September, 2024
- Perspectives
-
Miscellany Show this topicHide this topic
Policy Roundup: Heat waves, smart cities, poverty debate
This post presents our monthly curation of developments in the policy landscape – highlighting I4I content pertaining to extreme heat predictions for Indian summer and the environmental impacts of c...
- Nalini Gulati
- 30 April, 2025
- Perspectives
Policy Roundup: State budgets, time use survey, natural calamities
- Nalini Gulati
- 01 April, 2025
- Perspectives
Policy Roundup: 1.5 degree breach, Trump’s America, ASER 2024
- Nalini Gulati
- 31 January, 2025
- Perspectives
