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Does access liberalise gender norms around phone use for rural women?

Despite improved connectivity, deep-rooted gender norms continue to shape access to and use of mobile technologies by women in India. This note discusses preliminary findings from a study, which suggests that the share of women who believe that supervised or unsupervised use of phones is appropriate...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2021

Understanding the dynamics of the rupee-dollar exchange rate

Since 1993, the Indian rupee (INR) has officially been following a market-determined exchange rate – price is determined by demand for and supply of foreign exchange – with intervention by the Reserve Bank of India from time-to-time. Analysing data from 2000-2020, Patnaik and Sengupta examine wh...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2021

Incentivising quality of public infrastructure: Does it work?

Community toilets in slums are often poorly maintained, and upgrading facilities is difficult due to low willingness-to-pay among potential users and ‘free riding’. Based on an experiment in Uttar Pradesh, this article examines the impact of one-time facility upgrade and cash incentives to caret...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021

Covid-19 and mobility: A behavioural perspective

The imposition of a nationwide lockdown in March 2020 to check the spread of Covid-19, sparked debates on the necessity and effectiveness of such measures due to resulting economic hardships. In this post, Chadha and Naik examine the correlation between Covid-19 spread and mobility in the district o...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021

Higher poultry prices and policy (or data) gap

Food and agricultural prices have been rising over the past two years – particularly so for pulses and livestock. In this post, Saini and Das track livestock and feed prices, and identify the key drivers of the recent increases. In their view, policy responses in the form of imports could have bee...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Agriculture
Year: 2021

Examining Covid-19 travel restrictions in developing countries

At the outset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the developing world took many of the same policy steps as developed nations to contain the spread, including lockdowns. This article uses evidence from India to show that domestic travel bans may actually have increased Covid-19 cases in developing countries ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021

Alleviating financial concerns to enhance worker productivity

Financial constraints can have psychological consequences and affect productivity by making workers more distracted during work. Based on an experiment among small-scale manufacturing workers in Odisha, this article shows that an interim payment before the end of the contract period raises worker pr...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2021

Timeliness and coverage of child vaccinations across India

Despite free vaccinations for children below 12 years of age under the Universal Immunisation Programme, one-third of global child deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases occur in India. In this post, Debnath and Chaudhuri use nationally representative data from 2005-06 and 2015-16, to examine th...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021

Covid-19 and mental health: Are children ready to go back to school?

Previous parts of the I4I e-symposium on ‘Covid-19 and mental health’ have discussed the potential adverse effects of school closures on children’s psychological well-being – particularly those belonging to marginalised and vulnerable groups. In this post, Wilima Wadhwa presents ASER (Annual...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021

Covid-19 and mental health: Focus on children’s holistic development

Santanu Mishra (Co-founder and Trustee Smile Foundation) discusses how Covid-related restrictions on movement and social interactions, and complete dependence on adults to create a conducive home environment, have had an impact on the mental health of children. He also highlights the need for school...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021

Covid-19 and mental health: How have children been faring?

Dr John Vijay Sagar Kommu of NIMHANS examines the factors affecting the mental health of children during the pandemic and the role of caregivers and mental health professionals in helping children navigate this ‘new normal’. He recommends a staggered reopening of schools, focussing on extra-curr...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021

Covid-19 and mental health: Strengthening psychosocial well-being of children

Yasmin Haque, UNICEF Representative in India, outlines the evidence on the severe impact of the pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents – particularly girls, and the measures being taken by UNICEF and its partners to provide support.

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021