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Esther Duflo
Esther Duflo is the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics in the Department of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a co-founder and co-director of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). In her research, she seeks to understand the economic lives of the poor, with the aim to help design and evaluate social policies. She has worked on health, education, financial inclusion, environment and governance.
Professor Esther Duflo’s first degrees were in history and economics from Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris. She subsequently received a Ph.D. in Economics from MIT in 1999.
Duflo has received numerous academic honors and prizes including the Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences (2015), the A.SK Social Science Award (2015), Infosys Prize (2014), the David N. Kershaw Award (2011), a John Bates Clark Medal (2010), and a MacArthur “Genius Grant” Fellowship (2009). With Abhijit Banerjee, she wrote Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty, which won the Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award in 2011 and has been translated into 17 languages.
Duflo is a member of the President’s Global Development Council and she is a Founding Editor of the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics.
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बुढ़ापे का भविष्य
भारत में बुजुर्गों के लिए सार्वजनिक सहायता के व्यापक स्तर पर विस्तार की आवश्यकता है। ड्रेज़ और डफ्लो इस लेख में तर्क देते हैं कि इसकी अच्छी शुरुआत निकट-सर्वव्यापक सामाजिक सुरक्षा पेंशन से हो सकती है। बुजुर्ग व्यक्ति- विशेष रूप से विधवाएं, अक्सर गरीबी, खराब स्वास्थ्य और अकेलेपन से जूझती हैं, और इसके चलते उनके अवसाद-ग्रस्त होने का जोखिम होता है। वित्तीय सहायता मिलने से उन्हें एक आसान जीवन जीने में मदद होगी। कुछ भारतीय राज्यों में पहले से ही निकट-सर्वव्यापक पेंशन दी जा रही है, और ये पूरे देश में अपनाये जाने का आधार बनता है।
The future of old times
India needs to plan for a radical expansion of public support for the elderly. In this piece, Drèze and Duflo argue that near-universal social security pensions would be a good start. Elderly persons, especially widows, often struggle with poverty, ill health and loneliness, all associated with a risk of depression. Financial assistance would help them to lead an easier life. Some Indian states already have near-universal pensions, and there is a case for extending this approach across the country.
Teaching at the right level: Solutions for low learning levels in India
At least half of all children in India have not acquired basic literacy and arithmetic skills by the end of primary school. In this article, Rukmini Banerji of Pratham and J-PAL Director Esther Duflo present evidence that shows that significant gains in learning outcomes can be achieved by reorganising and grouping children by their learning level rather than the usual grouping by age or grade.
Enhancing Local Public Service Delivery: Experimental Evidence on the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in Bihar
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGA) is among the largest social protection programmes in the world.
Third-party environmental auditing
High levels of industrial pollution are a harmful by-product of growth. The Indian state of Gujarat is an industrial powerhouse with about 5% of the Indian population, but 9% of India’s registered manufacturing employment and 19% of output. This growth has been accompanied by a degradation of air and water quality.
Improved cooking stoves in India: Evaluating long-run impacts
Improved cooking stoves are increasingly seen as an important technology to address indoor air pollution. While laboratory experiments have shown that they could have big effects on smoke exposure and emissions, this column finds limited long-run health and environmental impacts of an improved cooking stove programme in Odisha. This indicates the importance of testing interventions in real-world conditions taking into account willingness to pay, usage, and changes over time.
The Impact of short-term driving restrictions on mobility and traffic congestion in Delhi
Large cities in developing countries throughout the world grapple with traffic congestion. Driving restrictions are one of the most common regulations to directly lower congestion.
Smart congestion pricing: Testing travel incentives to reduce congestion in Bangalore
Severe peak-time traffic congestion is endemic in large cities in developing countries, both on roads as well as in public transportation, with important negative consequences. There is a pressing need to improve understanding of how people make travel decisions, and to experiment with new technologies to realign private and social interest.