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Social Identity

Do judges favour defendants like themselves? Evidence from Indian courts

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Protecting girls at school: How sanitation infrastructure can reduce sexual violence

Over 30% of reported rape cases in India involve victims under 18, with girls particularly at risk. One key factor that exposes females to harm is the lack of adequate sanitation facilities. This arti...

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How MNREGA reduced women’s labour force participation

By guaranteeing 100 workdays annually per household in rural India, MNREGA seeks to enhance economic security and alleviate poverty. This article shows that while the programme has successfully achiev...

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Raising the value of women’s time for a transition to clean fuels

A majority of women in rural India continue to use traditional fuels, adding to the time that they devote to domestic work. In this post, Farzana Afridi discusses findings from a survey in Madhya Prad...

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Analysing gender bias in school textbooks in India

If we want girls’ education to help build gender equality, a basic first step is ensuring we are not giving children sexist textbooks. This article analyses gender bias in school textbooks in India ...

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Paternalistic discrimination against women in the labour market

Women in many low-income countries are often excluded from the labour market. This article proposes a new explanation in the form of paternalistic discrimination – the preferential hiring of men to ...

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Harnessing machine learning to combat domestic violence in India

One in three women globally will endure a form of domestic abuse in their lifetimes – with the prevalence being even higher in South Asian countries such as India. Given the complexity of identifyin...

  • Perspectives

Beneath the colours: Unveiling Holi's impact on violence against women

While social norms are considered important to the issue of violence against women (VAW), there is little research on how norms impact VAW in public places. Analysing police data from Bihar, this arti...

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Can conversations about minorities reduce discrimination? Evidence from anti-transgender discrimination in Chennai

Discriminatory behaviour is known to adversely impact equity and efficiency in a range of economic and social domains. In the context of discrimination against transgender people in urban Chennai, thi...

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Female leadership in corporate India: Firm performance and culture

Under the Companies Act, 2013, all listed firms in India are required to have at least one woman on their board. This article finds that having at least one woman on board leads to better economic per...

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Forced male sterilisation and violence against women: Evidence from ‘Emergency India’

During 1975-1977, the Government of India introduced a programme involving forced sterilisation of men, in order to achieve population control as a poverty alleviation measure. Leveraging the varying ...

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Soil characteristics, women’s workforce participation and intra-household consumption distribution

When women’s participation in agriculture increases relative to men, does the intra-household distribution of consumption become more gender-equitable? Is there a positive impact on children’s acc...

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How social norms hold women back: A look at recent evidence

In light of India’s low female labour force participation rate, as a follow up to International Women’s Day, I4I Deputy Managing Editor Nikita Mujumdar highlights a selection of economic research ...

  • Perspectives

Should girls be ‘controlled’? Opinions among young boys and parents in Bihar

The practice of child marriage among girls continues to be common in Bihar. In this note, Priyadarshini, Joshi and Bhattacharya present findings from their survey of boys and parents, wherein they con...

  • Notes from the Field

Mahila Samakhya: Women’s education through empowerment

While girls are now at par with boys in school enrolment, they continue to lag behind in terms of the number of years spent in formal education. In this context, this article assesses the impact of th...

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Women and health in India

This International Women’s Day, I4I Editorial Advisor Nalini Gulati presents a curation of economic research on women’s health in India, encompassing aspects of maternal and child health, gendered...

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Gaurav Khanna

University of California, San Diego

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Natalie Bau

University of California, Los Angeles

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Alessandra Voena

Stanford University

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Udayan Rathore

Wadhwani Foundation

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Manisha Shah

University of California, Los Angeles

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Paul Stainier

University of Pennsylvania

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Alan Barreca

UC Los Angeles

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Samuel Asher

Imperial College London

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Most Popular Social Identity Posts

Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update

Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...

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A division of labourers: Caste identity and efficiency in India

Castes in India are closely associated with certain occupations and determine the jobs done by millions. This study uses a new dataset to show that a large proportion of workers still work in their ca...

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Measuring caste inequality across Indian states

Although recent research on inequality shows that upper castes have the highest levels of material well-being, there is a wide variation in caste inequality across India. Measuring three forms of cast...

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