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Do judges favour defendants like themselves? Evidence from Indian courts

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Protecting girls at school: How sanitation infrastructure can reduce sexual violence

Over 30% of reported rape cases in India involve victims under 18, with girls particularly at risk. One key factor that exposes females to harm is the lack of adequate sanitation facilities. This arti...

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How MNREGA reduced women’s labour force participation

By guaranteeing 100 workdays annually per household in rural India, MNREGA seeks to enhance economic security and alleviate poverty. This article shows that while the programme has successfully achiev...

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Raising the value of women’s time for a transition to clean fuels

A majority of women in rural India continue to use traditional fuels, adding to the time that they devote to domestic work. In this post, Farzana Afridi discusses findings from a survey in Madhya Prad...

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How dowry shapes migration decisions in modern India

While migration is a critical driver of economic development, it may disrupt arrangements wherein parents rely on sons for old-age support. Leveraging new survey data, this article shows that at the t...

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First to wake, last to eat: How India’s quest for gender parity begins on an unequal footing

Women are predominantly responsible for domestic work, the burden of which is typically heavier in the morning. Analysing data from India’s 2019 Time-Use Survey, this article shows that women tend ...

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How extreme heat determines diets in rural India

While the link between extreme heat and crop loss is well documented, less is known about how this translates to undernutrition – an outcome with long-term consequences for health and productivity. ...

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Do judges favour defendants like themselves? Evidence from Indian courts

Around the world, research has shown that people in positions of power tend to favour those who share their social identity. To examine whether the same is true in Indian courts, this article analyses...

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Protecting girls at school: How sanitation infrastructure can reduce sexual violence

Over 30% of reported rape cases in India involve victims under 18, with girls particularly at risk. One key factor that exposes females to harm is the lack of adequate sanitation facilities. This arti...

  • Articles

How MNREGA reduced women’s labour force participation

By guaranteeing 100 workdays annually per household in rural India, MNREGA seeks to enhance economic security and alleviate poverty. This article shows that while the programme has successfully achiev...

  • Articles

Raising the value of women’s time for a transition to clean fuels

A majority of women in rural India continue to use traditional fuels, adding to the time that they devote to domestic work. In this post, Farzana Afridi discusses findings from a survey in Madhya Prad...

  • Articles

Girls in tech: Evaluating IIT’s Supernumerary Seats Scheme

Introduced in 2018, the Supernumerary Seats Scheme seeks to improve gender ratios among undergraduate engineering students at IITs, which have historically been male dominated. This article shows that...

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How police patrols reduced severe street harassment in India

Street harassment is a pervasive issue, with negative impacts on women’s safety and mobility in urban public spaces. Based on an experiment conducted in collaboration with the Hyderabad City Police,...

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Female labour force participation: Measurement and data quality

Official data revealed a sharp decline in female labour force participation in India between 2004-05 and 2011-12, despite fast economic growth in the country. Examining the measurement of women’s wo...

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International Women’s Day 2025: Towards equality and empowerment

Throughout this week, I4I has been sharing some of the latest evidence and ideas around women’s empowerment to mark International Women’s Day 2025. Discover the five-part series, and more about I4...

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Pedalling towards gender equality and empowerment

In Bihar, India and in rural Zambia, the government introduced programmes to address gender gaps in education by providing adolescent girls with bicycles for their commute to school. Discussing the im...

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Gaurav Khanna

University of California, San Diego

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Natalie Bau

University of California, Los Angeles

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Alessandra Voena

Stanford University

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Udayan Rathore

Wadhwani Foundation

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Manisha Shah

University of California, Los Angeles

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Paul Stainier

University of Pennsylvania

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Alan Barreca

UC Los Angeles

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Samuel Asher

Imperial College London

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Most Popular Social Identity Posts

Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update

Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...

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A division of labourers: Caste identity and efficiency in India

Castes in India are closely associated with certain occupations and determine the jobs done by millions. This study uses a new dataset to show that a large proportion of workers still work in their ca...

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Measuring caste inequality across Indian states

Although recent research on inequality shows that upper castes have the highest levels of material well-being, there is a wide variation in caste inequality across India. Measuring three forms of cast...

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