Protecting girls at school: How sanitation infrastructure can reduce sexual violence
Over 30% of reported rape cases in India involve victims under 18, with girls particularly at risk. One key factor that exposes females to harm is the lack of adequate sanitation facilities. This arti...
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Pei Gao
Aditi Kothari
Yu-Hsiang Lei
29 July, 2025
- Articles
How MNREGA reduced women’s labour force participation
By guaranteeing 100 workdays annually per household in rural India, MNREGA seeks to enhance economic security and alleviate poverty. This article shows that while the programme has successfully achiev...
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Jorge Luis García
18 July, 2025
- Articles
Raising the value of women’s time for a transition to clean fuels
A majority of women in rural India continue to use traditional fuels, adding to the time that they devote to domestic work. In this post, Farzana Afridi discusses findings from a survey in Madhya Prad...
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Farzana Afridi
04 June, 2025
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Do promises work? Assessing long-term benefits of ‘Apni Beti Apna Dhan’ programme
During 1994-1998, the state government of Haryana ran a conditional cash transfer programme to address the issue of child marriage: at the time of a daughter’s birth, parents from marginalised secti...
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Shreya Biswas
Upasak Das
03 November, 2021
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Is OBC reservation good for development?
The affirmative action debate has always been riddled by the question of merit versus social justice, and discussions around having a caste census have once again reignited the controversy around rese...
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Poulomi Chakrabarti
20 October, 2021
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Does access liberalise gender norms around phone use for rural women?
Despite improved connectivity, deep-rooted gender norms continue to shape access to and use of mobile technologies by women in India. This note discusses preliminary findings from a study, which sugge...
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Giorgia Barboni
Natalia Rigol
Simone Schaner
Natalie Theys
13 October, 2021
- Notes from the Field
Measuring caste inequality across Indian states
Although recent research on inequality shows that upper castes have the highest levels of material well-being, there is a wide variation in caste inequality across India. Measuring three forms of cast...
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Poulomi Chakrabarti
13 September, 2021
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Do quotas in public sector employment for disadvantaged groups enhance their welfare?
Affirmative action policies remain controversial with many arguing that benefits come at the expense of those excluded, and accrue disproportionately to the elite in disadvantaged groups. Analysing na...
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Nishith Prakash
10 September, 2021
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Is it safe? Threat of sexual violence and women’s decision to work
Despite significant improvements in women's educational attainment and reduced fertility rates, India’s female labour force participation (FLFP) remains among the lowest globally. Using nationally r...
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Tanika Chakraborty
Nafisa Lohawala
06 September, 2021
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Countering violence against women with awareness creation and self-defence training
The 2019 National Crime Records Bureau report shows a 7.3% increase, compared to 2018, in violence against women, with one in three women being subject to physical, emotional, or sexual violence. In t...
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Chitwan Lalji
Debayan Pakrashi
Sarani Saha
Soubhagya Sahoo
20 August, 2021
- Perspectives
The escalating financial burden of child births
Data from the 2019-20 National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 show that in several states, the proportion of institutional deliveries remain below the national average, with high out-of-pocket expendit...
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Prem Shankar Mishra
T.S. Syamala
30 July, 2021
- Perspectives
Evolution of dowry in rural India: Evidence from 1960-2008
Despite being illegal since 1961, dowry continues to be a widespread phenomenon in rural India. In the first of a two-part series, this article tracks the evolution of dowry during 1960-2008 across st...
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S Anukriti
Sungoh Kwon
Nishith Prakash
01 July, 2021
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How dowry influences household decisions in rural India
It is widely believed that Indian parents start saving for dowry as soon as a daughter is born. In the second of a two-part series on dowry in rural India, this article examines how dowry influences h...
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S Anukriti
Sungoh Kwon
Nishith Prakash
01 July, 2021
- Articles
India’s ‘missing girls’: Women’s education and declining child sex-ratios
Although women’s education has been proposed as a solution to the persistent issue of ‘missing girls’ in India, studies have reached contradictory conclusions on the impact of female education o...
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Pradeep Chhibber
Francesca R. Jensenius
Susan L Ostermann
30 June, 2021
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Lineage norms and women’s political participation
While reservation for local political representation of women has made major headway, this has not addressed the structural problems that prevent the full incorporation of women into politics. Based ...
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Rachel Brulé
Nikhar Gaikwad
23 June, 2021
- Articles
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Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
Pallabi Das
Saswata Ghosh
18 April, 2023
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A division of labourers: Caste identity and efficiency in India
Castes in India are closely associated with certain occupations and determine the jobs done by millions. This study uses a new dataset to show that a large proportion of workers still work in their ca...
Guilhem Cassan
Daniel Keniston
Tatjana Kleineberg
18 November, 2022
- Articles
Measuring caste inequality across Indian states
Although recent research on inequality shows that upper castes have the highest levels of material well-being, there is a wide variation in caste inequality across India. Measuring three forms of cast...
Poulomi Chakrabarti
13 September, 2021
- Articles