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The escalating financial burden of child births

Data from the 2019-20 National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 show that in several states, the proportion of institutional deliveries remain below the national average, with high out-of-pocket expenditure for institutional deliveries in both public and private facilities. In this post, Prem Shankar M...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Social Identity
Year: 2021

I4I at 10: Zooming over the last nine years, and looking ahead

As ‘Ideas for India’ enters its 10th year, Editor-in-Chief Ashok Kotwal reflects on its growth as a credible, ideologically neutral, and accessible platform for evidence-based policy analysis, and presents the vision for the future.

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Miscellany
Year: 2021

Covid-19 lockdown and migrant workers: Survey of vocational trainees from Bihar and Jharkhand - II

Covid-19 and the associated lockdowns have led to widespread job losses, and a subsequent exodus of migrant workers from the cities. In this note, Chakravorty et al. discuss findings from their survey of young vocational trainees from rural Bihar and Jharkhand. They highlight the severe impact on em...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Productivity & Innovation
Year: 2021

Global value chain participation and intermediate export sophistication

While the dominance of global value chains (GVCs) in production processes is a widely accepted fact, the impact of participation in GVCs is still being explored. Using data from a sample of 100 nations for 1999-2018, this article examines the improvement in productivity brought about by GVC particip...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Trade
Year: 2021

‘Consumerisation’ of banking in India: Cyclical or structural?

Over the past decade, India’s banking sector has undergone a transformation in terms of the proportion of credit extended to consumers and industry – with consumer credit now accounting for a larger share. In this post, Sengupta and Vardhan examine this change and contend that the next couple of...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Money & Finance
Year: 2021

She wins: Electing women in ethnically divided societies

The Indian Constitution reserves a minimum of 33% of village council head positions for women, and Bihar is among the nine states that have opted for 50% reservation. This note investigates how gender, caste, political campaigns, and experiences of discrimination intersect in the state-level democra...

  • Notes from the Field

Content Type: Notes from the Field
Topic: Governance
Year: 2021

Start what you finish! Risk and schooling investments

Economic shocks prompt parents to work more in order to reduce the fallout, and children may spend more time helping in the household or on the family farm, thereby interrupting their schooling. Analysing data from rural India, this article shows that a 100% increase in risk – in the form of more ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Human Development
Year: 2021

How open is India's capital account?

Although India began opening up its capital account in the mid-1990s, the approach towards financial liberalisation has been cautious. Tracing changes in the de-facto openness of the country’s capital account over time, Aggarwal et al. contend that greater financial integration with global market...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2021

Gendering technological change: Evidence from agricultural mechanisation

Rising mechanisation in Indian agriculture has been accompanied by reduction in farm employment in rural areas, particularly for women. This article shows that the observed 32 percentage point increase in mechanisation during 1999-2011 can account for 22% of the 30% overall decline in women’s rura...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Agriculture
Year: 2021

Focussing on inequality of opportunity to sustain India’s growth

India has seen a four-fold increase in average incomes since 1990, which has reduced the share of the population living in absolute poverty from 45% to 20%. Yet, there are large and widening inequalities in incomes and opportunities. Analysing microdata from the National Sample Survey, this article ...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Poverty & Inequality
Year: 2021

Goods and services tax: Estimating optimal rates

Introduced in India in 2017, a key feature of the goods and services tax (GST) system is that the tax rate for a particular commodity is uniform across the country. Based on a counterfactual framework that incorporates regional diversity in prices and spending to estimate optimal commodity tax rates...

  • Articles

Content Type: Articles
Topic: Macroeconomics
Year: 2021

India’s trade protectionism and low-productivity vicious cycle

Amid rising populism and anti-globalisation movements across the world, Atmanirbhar Bharat represents India’s adoption of trade protectionism. While the country’s inward-oriented economic policies tend to be viewed with a predominantly ideological lens, Srijan Shukla presents an alternate politi...

  • Perspectives

Content Type: Perspectives
Topic: Trade
Year: 2021