19 May, 2022Budget 2022-23 and outlook for the Indian economy
Several commentators have lauded the recently presented Budget 2022-23 as a ‘growth budget’, on account of the large allocations made for capital expenditure on public infrastructure. On the other...
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Ashok Kotwal Pronab Sen 
03 March, 2022
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Assessing the credibility of sub-national budgets in India
The Covid-19 crisis has put immense pressure on the finances of Indian states. Fiscal consolidation in the post-pandemic period will depend on growth revival, increased fund flows, and efficient budge...
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Pratap Ranjan Jena Abhishek Singh
- 10 November, 2021
- Perspectives
Budget 2021-22: A passing grade
Assessing the 2021-22 Union Budget, Bhaskar Dutta argues that while there are several positive features, the overall thrust is disappointing because it does not address the needs of the poor.
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Bhaskar Dutta
- 09 February, 2021
- Perspectives
Industrial Policy in India
In this article, Ritam Chaurey provides an overview of India’s industrial and labour policy to put in perspective the issues facing firm growth.
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Ritam Chaurey
- 12 March, 2018
- Perspectives
Catching up: India’s transition from a colonial economy
The decline and stagnation of the Indian economy was reversed after independence. This column suggests although productivity in agriculture and industry rose after 1947, it was the service sector that...
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Bishnupriya Gupta
- 22 February, 2018
- Articles
Falling behind: India under colonial rule
At the time of independence, India was among the poorest countries in the world. This column argues that the main reason for India falling behind during the colonial rule was inadequate investment in ...
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Bishnupriya Gupta
- 21 February, 2018
- Articles
Communicating uncertainties in GDP data
In recent times there has been a lot of controversy around the accuracy and reliability of Indian GDP estimates. In this article, Amey Sapre and Rajeswari Sengupta contend that much of this confusion ...
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Amey Sapre Rajeswari Sengupta
- 19 February, 2018
- Perspectives
Union Budget 2018: The reality behind the rhetoric
In this article, Sudipto Mundle contends that given Union Budget 2018-19 was the current government’s last full budget before the next general election, headline-grabbing proposals were particularly...
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Sudipto Mundle
- 16 February, 2018
- Perspectives
Union Budget 2018: What will the pivot to agriculture cost?
The Union Budget 2018-19 focusses heavily on agriculture and rural development. In this article, Bharat Ramaswami analyses the key proposals pertaining to investment in agricultural markets and infras...
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Bharat Ramaswami
- 14 February, 2018
- Perspectives
Union Budget 2018: Unpleasant arithmetic and the art of the possible
In this article, Maitreesh Ghatak contends that while the Union Budget 2018-19 deserves some praise for signalling priorities given the constraints, it disappoints in terms of its vision of reforms.
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Maitreesh Ghatak
- 13 February, 2018
- Perspectives
Union Budget 2018: Some hits, some misses
In this article, Bhaskar Dutta critically analyses the Union Budget for 2018-19 in terms of announcements for the rural and agricultural sector, healthcare, and manufacturing, and implications for fis...
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Bhaskar Dutta
- 09 February, 2018
- Perspectives
Union Budget 2018: Not as expansionary as appears at first blush
In this article, Ila Patnaik assesses the implications of the recently announced Union Budget for inflationary expectations and monetary policy.
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Ila Patnaik
- 05 February, 2018
- Perspectives
I4I Panel Discussion: The challenge of job creation
In a recent I4I editorial, Ashok Kotwal described the challenge of job creation that is facing the Indian economy today. In December 2017, Prof. Kotwal moderated a panel discussion on the topic betwe...
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Nalini Gulati
- 30 January, 2018
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The spatial dimensions of business investment decisions
Investment decisions of firms are centred on location choice, investment magnitude, and selection of industry. Of these, information on location choice is the most asymmetric, making it is imperative ...
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Anjali Tandon
- 25 January, 2018
- Perspectives
Self-employment: Elephant in the room
While nearly half of the labour force in India is self-employed, persistent low standards of living on a large scale imply that not many of these are ‘entrepreneurs’. Much of the self-employment ...
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Gurbachan Singh
- 22 January, 2018
- Perspectives
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Land in India: Market price vs. fundamental value
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2015, is focused on protecting the few home buyers who can afford to buy homes but does not address the issue of high land prices, which is a very se...
- Gurbachan Singh
- 29 February, 2016
- Articles
Land records and titles in India
Land ownership is broadly determined by access to a land title, which protects the rights of the title-holder, and impacts livelihoods, and industrial, economic, and social growth. However, land title...
- Prachee Mishra Roopal Suhag
- 20 November, 2017
- Perspectives
Covid-19: Macroeconomic implications for India
Due to the measures adopted to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), especially social distancing and lockdown, non-essential expenditures are being postponed. This is causing...
- Rajeswari Sengupta
- 24 March, 2020
- Perspectives